ACCELERATION TO CHANGE

The Paris Agreement 2015 calls on all of us to put measures towards reducing emission levels by 45% in 2030 and net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Each year, member states come together to attend the Conference of Parties (COP) as they deliberate on the ongoing steps to achieve reduced greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) globally. With different themes every year, the member states have factored in the objective of cooperation of both the developed and developing countries with the common goal of environmental sustainability. Member states have further taken states to present their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDCs) which are action plans to cut emissions according to the resources available in their jurisdiction. With SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities, efforts have been geared up towards reduced vehicle emissions in the cities as it is well noted that fossil fuels account for over 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90% of all carbon dioxide emissions.

Our main discussion focuses on identifying the best way forward. Lately, there has been a lot of debate about the transition to electric vehicles, but the real question is whether we are prepared for it. Are developing countries equipped to handle this transition?

It is seen as a positive step for developed countries to transition towards more advanced technology and invest in sustainable options. We should ensure that this transition is done in a way that is environmentally friendly and takes into consideration human welfare. It is important to note that sustainability plays a crucial role in this transition. Stakeholders must keep this in mind to ensure a smooth transition towards a zero-carbon city. Statistics show that one vehicle burning 60g/month produces approximately 728kg of CO2, while one kwh of EV battery produced produces 150-200kg of CO2. Therefore, both traditional vehicles and electric vehicles have an impact on carbon emissions.

Electric vehicles are becoming a popular solution for reducing carbon emissions, but it's important to consider their sustainability. Several factors need to be taken into account, such as the components of the EV battery, maintenance requirements, the cost of manufacturing, and environmental impact. The main component of the battery is lithium, which produces 15 tonnes of CO2 for every tonne mined. It's crucial to consider the availability and effects of the minerals that are used. Proper maintenance of the EV is also essential to ensure its longevity since replacing the battery can take up to 15-20 years when properly maintained. Disposing of batteries should also be carefully considered to prevent fires and avoid polluting landfills or water sources, which can harm marine biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems.

Alternatives play a crucial role in the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources. A key question that arises is whether we should focus on improving the fossil fuels we use in our vehicles or transition to electric vehicles altogether. This question requires us to consider various critical factors. We need to examine both sides of the alternatives and decide on the best approach for individuals, society, nations, regions, and the world as a whole.

Fossil fuels are burned to produce non-renewable energy, which powers our vehicles. With 56% of the world's population living in cities, there are a high number of vehicles present for both public and private use. To shift towards electric vehicles, the government can encourage citizens to adopt more sustainable practices in their daily lives. An efficient public transport system, together with regulations such as higher parking fees during weekdays and subsidized monthly passes for vehicle owners, can minimize the use of vehicles and reduce emissions. Advanced solutions such as biofuel, biodiesel, carbon-neutral vehicles, and ongoing innovations like Swedish windmills running in the sea and fuel from microalgae in Japan can also help create a more sustainable future.

Our responsibility is to RETHINK and evaluate sustainable approaches, considering both positive and negative aspects. By implementing these measures, achieving a decarbonized future by 2050 becomes more practical. Each region should adopt solutions that work best for them, and we can achieve our goal by incorporating biofuels and electric vehicles in all cities globally.